In depth imaging, depth calibration using well-tie updated velocity is generally applied to poststack data. This is the most correct type of depth calibration as it positions structures in their proper places.

One of the main challenges in seismic imaging, especially of land data, is building the near surface velocity model, as it is normally characterized by very low velocity values with different types of local anomalies. Resolving the near surface velocity model using only refraction data is insufficient, as it does not provide the required lateral resolution. Using only reflection data is equally insufficient, as it does not provide the required vertical resolution.

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Seismic processing, imaging, characterization and interpretation are preferably executed as a continuous workflow to maintain seismic data integrity and consistencies. Geophysicists must construct a workflow from hundreds of applications and algorithms, and thousands of parameters, to achieve desired project outcomes. Almost all these applications and algorithms are based on assumptions about the underlying geological model complexity and subsurface conditions.